超聲波清洗機的工作原理主要基于超聲波在液體中產(chǎn)生的空化效應(yīng)。首先超聲波清洗機由超聲波發(fā)生器發(fā)出高頻振蕩信號。這些信號通過換能器轉(zhuǎn)換成高頻機械振蕩。高頻機械振蕩通過清洗槽壁輻射到槽子中的清洗液。由于超聲波的輻射，槽內(nèi)液體中的微氣泡能夠在聲波的作用下保持振動。超聲波在液體中傳播時，產(chǎn)生疏密相間的振蕩，形成數(shù)以萬計的微小氣泡（直徑為50-500μm）。這些氣泡在超聲波縱向傳播的負壓區(qū)形成、生長，在正壓區(qū)迅速閉合。氣泡閉合時產(chǎn)生沖擊波，產(chǎn)生高達1012-1013pa的壓力及局部高溫，這種壓力能破壞不溶性污物，使其分化于溶液中。氣泡的振動和沖擊波對清洗件表面進行擦洗，破壞污物與清洗件表面的吸附，引起污物層的疲勞破壞而被駁離。對于固體表面的污垢，氣體型氣泡的振動進行擦洗，而液體中的油污被乳化，固體粒子脫離。超聲波在清洗液中傳播時還會產(chǎn)生射流和微聲流，進一步破壞污物，除去或削弱邊界污層，增加攪拌、擴散作用，加速可溶性污物的溶解，強化化學清洗劑的清洗作用。由于空化效應(yīng)和氣泡的振動沖擊，物件表面及縫隙中的污垢迅速剝落，達到清洗凈化的目的。超聲波清洗適用于各種材質(zhì)和精度的物件，尤其適用于表面形狀復(fù)雜、有縫隙或死角的部件，能夠徹底清洗干凈。

　　The working principle of ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly based on the cavitation effect generated by ultrasonic waves in liquid. Firstly, the ultrasonic cleaning machine emits high-frequency oscillation signals from the ultrasonic generator. These signals are converted into high-frequency mechanical oscillations through transducers. High frequency mechanical oscillation radiates into the cleaning solution in the tank through the cleaning tank wall. Due to the radiation of ultrasound, microbubbles in the liquid inside the tank can maintain vibration under the action of sound waves. When ultrasound propagates in liquid, it produces oscillations with alternating density, forming tens of thousands of tiny bubbles (with a diameter of 50-500 μ m). These bubbles form and grow in the negative pressure zone where ultrasound propagates longitudinally, and quickly close in the positive pressure zone. When bubbles close, shock waves are generated, resulting in pressures of up to 1012-1013pa and local high temperatures. This pressure can destroy insoluble pollutants and cause them to differentiate into solutions. The vibration and shock wave of bubbles scrub the surface of the cleaning part, breaking the adsorption between the dirt and the surface of the cleaning part, causing fatigue damage to the dirt layer and being rejected. For dirt on solid surfaces, the vibration of gas bubbles is used to scrub, while oil stains in liquids are emulsified and solid particles detach. When ultrasound propagates in cleaning solution, it also generates jets and micro acoustic flows, further damaging the dirt, removing or weakening the boundary dirt layer, increasing stirring and diffusion effects, accelerating the dissolution of soluble dirt, and enhancing the cleaning effect of chemical cleaning agents. Due to the cavitation effect and the vibration impact of bubbles, dirt on the surface and gaps of the object quickly peels off, achieving the purpose of cleaning and purification. Ultrasonic cleaning is suitable for objects of various materials and precision, especially for components with complex surface shapes, gaps or dead corners, and can thoroughly clean them.

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